-
Universal Instantiation:
x P(x)
-------
P(c)
where c is some arbitrary element of the universe.
Go to
Universal Instantiation
for further explanations and examples.
-
Universal Generalization:
P(c)
----------
x P(x)
where P(c) holds for every element c of the universe of discourse.
Go to
Universal Generalization
for further explanations and examples.
-
Existential Instantiation:
x P(x)
-------
P(c)
where c is some element of the universe of discourse. It is not arbitrary but must be one for which P(c
) is true.
Go to
Existential Instantiation
for further explanations and examples.
-
Existential Generalization:
P(c)
----------
x P(x)
where c is an element of the universe.
Go to
Existential Generalization
for further explanations and examples.