echo "cat grades \n"
cat grades
echo "-----\n"
echo "'s/^/000/; s/A/Excellent/;  s/B/Very Good/; s/C/Good/; s/D/Pass/; s/F/Fail/'     grades "
sed 's/^/000/; s/A/Excellent/;  s/B/Very Good/; s/C/Good/; s/D/Pass/; s/F/Fail/'     grades 
echo "-----\n"
echo "sed '1d;\$d' grades \n"
sed "1d; $d" grades