OpenSSL - Introduction

OpenSSL documentation (man openssl)  - ( openssl.pdf )

NOTE: For most openssl commands you should first do the following:

% cp /home/cs772/randomfile .
%  setenv RANDFILE randomfile

Message Digest  ( man dgst )

% more file1.txt
Hussein  Wahab
Old Dominion University

%   openssl dgst -sha1   file1.txt

SHA1(file.txt)= 439d855153b88dff064af44cc7794026bad31a45

%  more file2.txt
hussein  Wahab
Old Dominion University

% openssl dgst -sha1 file2.txt
SHA1(file.txt)= 3204dcbee726eb0319b3094f3947539b5e15c969

%  diff file1.txt file2.txt
1c1
< Hussein  Wahab
---
> hussein  Wahab

Thus small difference (H vs. h) completely changes the digest.

To record the digest of a file us:

% openssl dgst -sha1 -out   digest_file1.txt    file1.txt

% cat digest_file1.txt
SHA1(file1.txt)= 439d855153b88dff064af44cc7794026bad31a45

Or you can use:
% openssl dgst -sha1 file1.txt  > digest_file1.txt

Public Key Cryptography (Asymmetric)

(man genrsa ) & ( man rsa )

Ø Generating RSA  keys

% openssl genrsa -out rsaprivatekey.pem -des3 1024

This generate the  private key and store it encrypted (using password)

Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
....................++++++
........................................++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter PEM pass phrase:
Verifying password - Enter PEM pass phrase:

% openssl rsa -in rsaprivatekey.pem -pubout -out rsapublickey.pem

This generate the corresponding  public key if  the correct password is provided. 

read RSA key
Enter PEM pass phrase:
writing RSA key

Ø Message Encryption/Decryption with RSA 

(man rsautl )

% openssl rsautl -encrypt -pubin -inkey rsapublickey.pem -in msg1.txt -out msg1.cipher

% openssl rsautl -decrypt -inkey rsaprivatekey.pem -in msg1.cipher -out msg1.txt
Enter PEM pass phrase:

NOTE: msg1.txt has to be small (<=1024 bits or 128 bytes, the length of the RSA key),

since you are encrypting/decryption  the file itself, not its digest.

Ø Message Signature/Verification with RSA

% openssl rsautl -sign -inkey rsaprivatekey.pem   -in msg2.txt   -out msg2.cipher

% openssl rsautl -verify -pubin  -inkey rsapublickey.pem -out msg2.txt -in msg2.cipher

NOTE: msg2.txt has to be small, since you are encrypting/decryption  the file itself.

Ø Signining/Verifying  message digest  with RSA

% openssl dgst  -sha1 -sign rsaprivatekey.pem  -out  mdrsasign_file1.cipher   file1.txt
Enter PEM pass phrase:

% openssl dgst -sha1 -verify rsapublickey.pem -signature mdrsasign_file1.cipher file1.txt

Verified OK

Change one char in file1.txt
% openssl dgst -sha1 -verify rsapublickey.pem -signature mdrsasign_file1.cipher file1.txt

Verification Failure

NOTE: file1.txt can be as large as you like, since you are signing the digest.

Secret Key Cryptography (Symmetric)

( man enc)

Ø Encrypt (-e):

% openssl enc -des3 -e -salt -a -in file1.txt -out file1cipher.base64

enter des-ede3-cbc encryption password:
Verifying password - enter des-ede3-cbc encryption password:

Ø Decrypt (-d):

% openssl enc -des3 -d -salt -a -out file1.txt -in file1cipher.base64

enter des-ede3-cbc decryption password:

Base64 Encode/Decode

To encode file1cipher to file1cipher.base64:

% openssl enc -base64 -e -out file1cipher.base64 -in file1cipher

To decode file1cipher.base64 to file1cipher:

% openssl enc -base64 -d -in file1cipher.base64 -out file1cipher