Questions for the Applications breakout sessions.

[These sessions will precede and feed into the crosscutting sessions on
Mathematical Methods and Computer Science/Infrastructure.]

(1) What is the new science that could be achieved with a substantial
    increment in computational capability ?
       
        - What could be achieved with 100 times the current computing 
          capabilities ? Same question for 1000 times the current 
          capabilities ?
        
        - What new experimental or observational capabilities require
          such an increment to design or understand ?

        - Why now for this activity?  Why hasn't it already been done ? 
          Why can't it wait for another 10 years ?

(2) Starting from the computational capabilities (hardware, algorithms, 
    and software) currently available in your field, what are the barriers 
    to achieving the goals in (1) ? 

        - What are the hardware barriers ?
        
        - What are the algorithmic barriers ?
        
        - What are the software barriers ?

(3) How would you measure success ? 
        
        - What specific qualitative or quantitative increments in 
          computational capability would lead to specific scientific
          accomplishments ?

        - What existing or planned experimental, observational, or
          theoretical results would serve to validate any new computational
          capability ?

        - For each major increment in capability give a one-sentence
          description and a year by which that increment could be achieved
          (the latter assuming that the requisite hardware is available by 
          that time).

(4) What are the resources required ?

        - Characterise the current simulation capabilities, in terms of 
          size of software base and level of capability ? How does it
          differ from that which would be required to achieve the goals
          in (1) ?
        
        - What level of effort would be required to move from the
          current capability to the one required to achieve the goals in 
          (1) ? Specify in terms of the number of people, number of
          teams, and skill level.
        
        - How long would it take to develop the new capabilities ?
        
        - What is the level of hardware resources required ?
        
        - What resources and institutional commitments would need to be 
          made to support the software investment over its lifetime. As a 
          starting point for this exercise, assume a 20 year lifetime.
        
        - Who currently funds related activities, and at what level ?

(5) Provide summaries of the argument for undertaking this work that 
    could be used to persuade a variety of audiences ?

        - An eye-catching title.
        
        - A summary that fits on a 3x5 index card that could make the
          case to a member of Congress.
        
        - A two-page document that would make the case to someone
          involved with science policy, e.g. an OMB budget examiner or an
          OSTP or congressional staffer.
        
        - A longer document that would make the case to your scientific
          peers, particularly to those not involved in simulation.

        - A single power-point slide.