Fill in the blanks with the shortest of characters so that the resultant proposition is valid
a) [~P ^ [~Q V R]] <=> ~[P V [Q ]]
b) ~[P => Q] <=> [ ^ ~Q]
c) [[[P ^ Q] => R] ^ P] => [ => ] (otherthan[[P ^ Q] => R])
d) ~(~P ^ ~Q) <=> (P )
Logic Test 1