Propositional Logic
Meaning of the Connectives
Subjects to be Learned
- meaning of connectives: NOT, AND, OR, IMPLIES, IF AND ONLY IF
Contents
Let us define the meaning of the five connectives by showing the relationship between the truth value (i.e. true or false)
of composite propositions and those of their component propositions.
They are going to be shown using
truth table.
In the tables
P and Q represent arbitrary propositions, and true and false are represented by
T and F, respectively.
NOT
P | P |
T | F |
F | T |
This table shows that if P is true, then ( P) is false, and that
if P is false, then ( P) is true.
AND
P | Q | (P Q) |
F | F | F |
F | T | F |
T | F | F |
T | T | T |
This table shows that (P Q)
is true if both P and Q are true, and that it is false in any other case.
Similarly for the rest of the tables.
OR
P | Q | (P Q) |
F | F | F |
F | T | T |
T | F | T |
T | T | T |
IMPLIES
P | Q | (P Q) |
F | F | T |
F | T | T |
T | F | F |
T | T | T |
When P Q is always true, we express that by
P Q.
That is P Q is used when proposition P
always implies proposition Q regardless of the value of the variables in them.
See Implications
for examples
of .
Also see a note on the truth value of IMPLIES
when P is False.
IF AND ONLY IF
P | Q | ( P Q ) |
F | F | T |
F | T | F |
T | F | F |
T | T | T |
When P Q is always true, we express that by
P Q.
That is is used when two propositions
always take the same value regardless of the value of the variables in them.
See Identities for examples
of .
Test Your Understanding of Connectives :
Indicate which of the following statements are correct and which ones are incorrect.
Click Yes or No, then Submit. There are two sets of questions.
Next -- Construction of Proposition
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