Each file of source code
programming language text
is compiled to produce a file of object code
binary code, almost executable
exact addresses of variables and functions not known, represented by symbols
All object code files are linked to produce the executable
Linking mainly consists of replacing symbols by real addresses.
On large projects with hundreds to thousands of files,
Typically only a few files are changed on any one day
Often only the changed files need to be recompiled
Then link the changed and unchanged object code
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